Mar 07, 2020 spColumn is widely used for design and investigation of columns, shear walls, bridge piers as well as typical framing elements in buildings and other structures. Equipped with latest American (ACI 318-14) and Canadian (CSA A23.3-14) Concrete codes, spColumn is developed to design and investigate any reinforced concrete sections subject to combined axial and flexural loads. Download spColumn 4.81 - Free Download from Shareware Connection Software Portal. SpColumn is a powerful application designed for the structural engineers that need to analyze and to compare multiple column designs for their projects. Using crack, password, serial numbers, registration codes, key generators (keygens), warez is. The information on this page is only about version 4.81 of spColumn v4.81. After the uninstall process, the application leaves some files behind on the PC. Some of these are listed below. Folders remaining: C:Program Files (x86)StructurePointspColumn; C:UserNamesUserNameNameAppDataLocalVirtualStoreProgram Files (x86)StructurePoint. Download spcolumn install v4.81 for free. Photo & Graphics tools downloads - spColumn by STRUCTUREPOINT, LLC and many more programs are available for instant and free download.
Top selling worldwide, spColumn supports ACI 318-11 and CSA A23.3-04 reinforced concrete design standards. This version implements ACI 318-11 and continues to refine implementation of slender column design provisions. Import/export of DXF files, nominal interaction diagrams, and display of capacities at your load point are just a few of the modification offered in the current version.
structure point sp column crack
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Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is the conversion process used in petroleum refineries to convert the high-boiling point, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum (crude oils) into gasoline, olefinic gases, and other petroleum products.[1][2][3] The cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons was originally done by thermal cracking, now virtually replaced by catalytic cracking, which yields greater volumes of high octane rating gasoline; and produces by-product gases, with more carbon-carbon double bonds (i.e. olefins), that are of greater economic value than the gases produced by thermal cracking.
The reaction product vapors (at 535 C and a pressure of 1.72 bar) flow from the top of the reactor to the bottom section of the main column (commonly referred to as the main fractionator where feed splitting takes place) where they are distilled into the FCC end products of cracked petroleum naphtha, fuel oil, and offgas. After further processing for removal of sulfur compounds, the cracked naphtha becomes a high-octane component of the refinery's blended gasolines.
When a soil-bearing investigation is desired to determine more accurate and economical footing requirements, the designer commonly turns to ASTM D1586, Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils (ASTM, 1999). This test relies on a 2-inch-diameter device driven into the ground with a 140-pound hammer dropped from a distance of 30 inches. The number of hammer drops or blows needed to create a 1-foot penetration (or blow count) is recorded. Values can be roughly correlated to soil-bearing values as shown in Table 4.3. The instrumentation and cost of conducting the SPT test is usually not warranted for typical residential applications. Nonetheless, the SPT test method provides information on deeper soil strata and thus can offer valuable guidance for foundation design and building location, particularly when subsurface conditions are suspected to be problematic. The values in Table 4.3 are associated with the blow count from the SPT test method. Many engineers can provide reasonable estimates of soil-bearing by using smaller penetrometers at less cost, although such devices and methods may require an independent calibration to determine presumptive soil-bearing values and may not be able to detect deep subsurface problems. Calibrations may be provided by the manufacturer or, alternatively, developed by the engineer.The designer should exercise judgment when selecting the final design value, and be prepared to make adjustments (increases or decreases) in interpreting and applying the results to a specific design. The values in Tables 4.2 and 4.3 are generally associated with a safety factor of 3 (Naval Facilities Engineering Command, 1996) and are considered appropriate for non-continuous or independent spread footings supporting columns or piers (point loads). Use of a minimum safety factor of 2 (corresponding to a higher presumptive soil-bearing value) is recommended for smaller structures with continuous spread footings, such as houses. To achieve a safety factor of 2, the designer may multiply the values in Tables 4.2 and 4.3 by 1.5.Table 4.3 Presumptive Soil-Bearing Values (psf) Based on Standard Penetrometer Blow Count
Arches are curved structures with no angles and no corners. Domes are the three-dimensional equivalent, capable of enclosing a large amount of space without the help of a single column.
Eggs, however, do not stand up well to uneven forces. This explains why they crack easily on the side of a bowl. Wearing a ring will cause uneven pressure on the egg, cracking it at the point of contact.
The value of total long-term deflection is then the linear combination of Case 3 + (Case 1- Case 2). The difference between Case 1 and Case 2 represents the incremental deflection (without creep and shrinkage) due to non-sustained loading on a cracked structure.
Structurally related cracks can cause big problems for homeowners. They are often deep and affect the structural strength of the building, sometimes even making it unsafe to live in. They often appear after an earthquake or because of a badly build structure in the first place.
Big trees close to your house can contribute to brick wall cracking. Their root structures are invasive and can damage the foundation of your house. They also need a lot of water, thus can affect the moisture in the soil.
Traditional monitoring systems are not able to monitor the global behavior of large retaining structures, and terrestrial laser scanning was performed for monitoring a retaining structure for this paper. The three-dimensional point cloud was obtained by scanning at seven locations with seven reference targets to cover the retaining structure having 180 m length and 25 m high. To evaluate the long-term behavior of the retaining structure, point clouds obtained by performing eight laser scanning at the same locations over 4 years were compared with each other. In this paper, the tilt mapping method was applied to define the global behavior of the entire retaining structure. The P2P-TA (Plane-to-Plane-Tilt Angle) comparison method was used to calculate the tilt angle by comparing the normal vectors of the planes created by the point clouds, because simple comparison methods are not able to be applied to compare points clouds of zigzag-shaped concrete panels. A laboratory test was conducted to determine the applicability of laser scanning and P2P-TA analysis, and the error range was conservatively set to 0.15. The results of laser scanning and P2P-TA analysis applied to 231 concrete panels are shown in the tilt mapping of the retaining structure. The differential tilt angle was significantly increased every year at the bottom of the concrete panel adjacent to the tunnel. It can be seen that the concrete panel having a large differential tilt angle affects the differential tilt angles of others, because it is linked to other concrete panels.
A retaining structure is constructed to minimize displacement during the excavation, and various reinforcing materials such as soil nailing and anchor are used for the stability of the structure Seo et al. [29, 30, 32, 34]. To prevent the failure of retaining structure, a study has been conducted to reinforce using pressurized grouting [31]. Seo et al. [33] proposed a reinforcement method in which anchor and soil nailing are combined. To measure the stability, strain gauges are installed in the anchor and the soil nailing, or a sensor is attached to the surface of the structure to evaluate the stability of the structure. Qu et al. used sensors attached to various structures such as bridges or superstructures to determine the stability [19,20,21,22]. The eigensystem realization algorithm was used to improve the method of analyzing signals from various sensors of the sensor [23], Qu et al. [19,20,21,22], and also identified closely spaced modes through modified frequency domain decomposition Qu et al. [19, 22]. Contact sensors are difficult to apply to large-scale structures, because only the deformation at the points where sensors are installed can be measured. Therefore, laser scanning technology was applied to collect the three-dimensional data of retaining structure in this paper. Laser scanning can represent not only local curvature and roughness, but also the behavior of global structures as a three-dimensional point cloud [27, 28].
In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning has been increasingly applied as a surveying technique, which can scan a wider area using millions of points than conventional surveying techniques. In the geological field, 3D laser scanning is used to prevent natural disasters or to acquire geological geometry. Lague et al. [13] studied the complex ground of Rangitikei canyon by terrestrial laser scanning. 3D laser scanning was applied as a technique for monitoring the displacement of landslides as well. Derron and Jaboyedoff [5] conducted landslide monitoring using LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and DEM (Digital elevation Model) technologies. Girardeau-Montaut et al. [9] used laser scanning to evaluate the ground changes. Since 3D laser scanning technology can simulate objects as a 3D point cloud, it is also used in construction management fields for obtaining geometry data, such as building information modeling (BIM). Gikas [8] also documented the shape of structures using 3D laser scanning at the highway tunnel construction site. 3D laser scanning has the advantage of being able to create 3D shapes in a wide area or a large-scale structure by a point cloud. 2ff7e9595c
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